1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 Forging Material | China Professional Forged Parts Manufacturer

What is 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 Forging Steel?

1.4923 (standard EN designation: X22CrMoV12-1, also known as X22CrMoV12.1, X22CrMoV121) is a martensitic chromium-molybdenum-vanadium heat-resistant alloy steel, and it is used for long-term service in high-temperature, high-pressure environments up to 600°C.

It combines high creep-rupture strength with steam-oxidation resistance to about 600 °C, so it is widely used for critical steam- and gas-turbine parts.

• Outstanding creep rupture strength and fatigue resistance at continuous operating temperatures up to 600°C
• Excellent oxidation and scaling resistance in superheated steam and high-pressure gas environments
• Excellent steam corrosion resistance for power plant valve and turbine applications
• High tensile strength and structural stability under cyclic thermal and mechanical loading
• Excellent hardenability and consistent tempered martensite microstructure after quenching and tempering

While its corrosion resistance in natural atmospheric environments is moderate due to its  chromium content of 11.0-12.5%, 1.4923 steel  has great performance in high-temperature steam and industrial gas environments, which makes it well suited to high-temperature rotating and stressed components such as steam-turbine blades, rotors, bolting and valve parts.

Full Range of 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 Forged Products We Supply

As a professional China forging factory, we make custom 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 forged parts according to international standards and client drawings. We provide the full production process including steel melting, forging, heat treatment, machining, and full inspection. Following are our main product ranges.

1.4923 Forged Bars & Rods

• Round bars, square bars, flat bars, rectangular bars and step shafts
• Gas and steam turbine blade flat bars, valve spindles, stems and rods
• High-temperature studs, bolts, and fasteners for turbine and valve assemblies
• Max length up to 12 meters, max diameter up to 2 meters, with full heat treatment certification

X22CrMoV12-1 Seamless Rolled Forged Rings

• Seamless rolled rings, contoured rings, and custom forged rings up to 3 meters in diameter
• Turbine guide rings, seal rings, labyrinth rings, and packing seal rings
• Casing rings, blade fitting rings, rotor end rings, and bearing housings
• Full compliance with EN 10228-3 for ultrasonic inspection requirements

1.4923 Hollow Forgings & Pressure Components

• Hubs, housings, shells, sleeves, bushes and hollow bars
• High-pressure pipes, tubing, casing forgings and pressure vessel shells
• Low-pressure (LPT) turbine casings, valve bodies, bonnets and main steam valve covers
• Custom wall thickness and dimensions for petrochemical and power plant applications

X22CrMoV12-1 Discs, Plates & Blocks

• Forged discs, disks, blocks, plates and valve discs for power plant control systems
• Gas turbine wheels, impellers, blisks and turbine discs
• Turbine diaphragms, diaphragm nozzles and heat shields
• Max single-piece weight up to 25 tons, with full ultrasonic inspection

Complete Turbine & Valve System Components

Our 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 forgings are used for spectrum of gas and steam turbine system.

• Stationary and rotating gas/steam turbine blades
• Turbine diaphragms, diaphragm nozzles and inlet guide vanes (IGV)
• LPT 1st & 2nd stage turbine casings, shrouds and journal bearings
• Power plant steam turbine control and reheat valve discs, seats, cores and sleeves
• Main steam valve (MSV/GV/CV/CRV) components, bonnets and covers
• Bearing glands, oil guards, and sealing rings for turbine systems
• Inner and outer heat shields for gas turbine combustion systems

Verified Project Case & Real Applications of 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 Forgings

Below is a real, verifiable 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 project from our production records. Customer-identifying information has been redacted under NDA; the material, inspection and test data are shown exactly as recorded on the original documents.

▶

Watch: hot forging of X22CrMoV12-1 / 1.4923 steam-turbine blade steel at our plant (YouTube).

Steam-Turbine Blade Stock — X22CrMoV12-1 Forged Flat Bars (Mexico)

Application: steam-turbine blade production  ·  Customer: a turbomachinery manufacturer in Mexico (confidential)  ·  PO #19677

Scope: Forged flat bar in X22CrMoV12-1 / 1.4923 — a 12% chromium martensitic heat-resisting steel — sized 6.25 in × 9.5 in × 156 in, supplied forged, quenched & tempered and machined to a bright surface. Melt route EF + VOD + ESR; heat No. 1230709; forging ratio 10:1; delivered with an EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificate.

Certified results (EN 10204 3.1):

• Chemistry (ASTM A751): C 0.21, Cr 11.80, Mo 0.82, Ni 0.65, V 0.28, Mn 0.81, Si 0.30 %
• Mechanical (ASTM A370): 0.2% proof 777 MPa, tensile 897 MPa, elongation 18%, reduction of area 51%, hardness 276 HBW
• Impact (Charpy-V, room temp): 21 / 21 / 23 J (min 19 J)
• Microstructure: tempered martensite; delta-ferrite 0.4% (ASTM E562, limit ≤1%); grain size ASTM 7.5 (limit ≥5); decarburised layer 0.0121 in (limit ≤0.06 in)
• Non-metallic inclusions (ASTM E45 Method A): all fields within the Max 3 limit
• NDE: 100% ultrasonic to ASTM A388 (acceptance per ASME Section V Article 5) — no recordable indications; magnetic-particle to ASTM A275 — no cracks; visual — no laps, seams or shrinkage

Documentation: EN 10204 3.1 inspection certificate, full NDE reports, heat-treatment chart and certificate of origin (China). Request a similar quotation →

Technical review: Liu Mingru, Senior Metallurgical Engineer (Zhejiang University), Jiangsu Liangyi Co., Limited — LinkedIn.

Core Industry Applications

• Steam-turbine blades, discs and rotor components (sub-critical, supercritical and ultra-supercritical units)
• Gas-turbine compressor blades and stationary vanes
• High-temperature valve bodies, stems and bonnets
• High-temperature fasteners and bolting for turbine and boiler service
• Industrial boiler and pressure-component parts
• Other forged components for service up to about 580–600 °C

Related forgings: turbine blade steel flat & rectangular bars · steam / gas-turbine rings · turbine disks & blisks · custom forging

1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 Material Chemical Composition

Our 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 forging material strictly meets EN 10269 standard requirements. We control every element to make sure it has high-temperature performance. Full melt analysis is provided for every heat in the mill test certificate.

Mechanical Properties of 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 Forged Steel

We make sure all 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 forgings have great mechanical properties  in the final delivery condition, and we provide full test reports for every heat treatment batch. We offer two standard quenched and tempered (QT) conditions, with custom heat treatment available to meet clients' requirements.

Standard QT900 Condition Mechanical Properties (Room Temperature)

QT800 Condition Mechanical Properties (Room Temperature)

High-Temperature Mechanical Properties (600°C)

For extreme high-temperature applications, we provide additional high-temperature tensile and creep testing. Following are the detailed performance:

1.4923 vs X19CrMoVNbN11-1 vs AISI 422: Turbine Blade Steel Comparison

To help you select the right material for your application, we have compared 1.4923 (X22CrMoV12-1) with other high-temperature forging steels:

All three are 12% Cr martensitic blade steels and are often cross-referenced as equivalents; in practice the choice is usually driven by the customer’s specification (EN vs ASTM), the required creep margin, and section size rather than a large performance gap.

Related turbine blade & rotor steels we forge: X21CrMoV12-1 (1.4926) · 1.4906 (X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1) · A182 F91 · F6NM (1.4313) · 17-4PH · 15-5PH · turbine rotor shafts · Nimonic 80A · Inconel 718

How We Help You Select: 1.4923 vs 422, F22 and 1.4913

A steam-turbine blade has to survive rotating and vibratory stress, creep at 500–565 °C, and steam oxidation, while holding tight dimensional stability for decades. The 12% chromium, Mo + V tempered-martensite structure of 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 hits that balance: vanadium carbides carry the creep load, ~12% Cr resists steam oxidation to about 600 °C, and the fine tempered-martensite gives the fatigue strength a blade needs. That is why it is the default European steam-turbine blade steel.

• vs AISI 422: 422 is essentially the same 12% Cr family with about 1% tungsten added, which slightly raises temper resistance and hot strength. Performance is broadly comparable — pick 422 when an American (ASTM / AISI) specification or a W-bearing grade is required, and 1.4923 when the drawing calls out the EN / DIN grade. It is usually a specification choice, not a performance gap.
• vs F22 (A182 F22, 2.25Cr-1Mo): different material class entirely. F22 is a low-alloy creep steel for thick pressure-boundary parts — reactor shells, boiler headers, high-temperature piping and hydrogen service. Its 2.25% Cr gives poor steam-oxidation resistance and it is not suited to high-stress rotating blades, so F22 is never substituted for a turbine blade; conversely 1.4923 is not economical for a large reactor shell. The right answer is driven by the component, not by price.
• vs X19CrMoVNbN11-1 (1.4913): the higher-creep upgrade. Niobium plus nitrogen form fine carbo-nitrides that pin dislocations and raise creep strength, so 1.4913 is chosen for higher-temperature blading and high-temperature bolting. The trade-off: in large forged sections excess Nb can form coarse niobium carbides that lower transverse ductility, and the composition must be balanced to avoid delta-ferrite — so 1.4913 demands tighter melting and heat-treatment control. For most blade stock at ≤565 °C, 1.4923 gives the best balance of creep strength, toughness and forgeability; step up to 1.4913 only when the creep duty requires it.

Common Failure Modes We Control For

From our own production and inspection experience, blade-steel reliability comes down to controlling a handful of metallurgical risks — every one of which is recorded on the EN 10204 3.1 certificate for the project shown above:

• Delta-ferrite: an unbalanced chromium equivalent leaves retained δ-ferrite that lowers toughness and fatigue life. We hold it well below the limit (project result: 0.4%, limit ≤1% per ASTM E562).
• Wrong temper / temper embrittlement: tempering temperature sets the strength–toughness balance. Our quench-and-temper cycle (solution ~1020–1070 °C, temper ~680–740 °C) produces stable tempered martensite with fine M23C6 carbides rather than a brittle or over-softened structure.
• Decarburised surface layer: a soft, low-carbon skin sharply reduces blade fatigue strength and must be machined off or limited (project result: 0.0121 in, limit ≤0.06 in).
• Coarse grain: lowers fatigue and toughness; we keep it fine (project result: ASTM 7.5, limit ≥5 per ASTM E112).
• Non-metallic inclusions: fatigue-crack initiation sites; ESR remelting keeps them low (project result: all fields within Max 3 per ASTM E45 Method A).
• Welding: 1.4923 is hard to weld and needs 400–450 °C preheat plus post-weld tempering, so blades are normally machined from forged bar rather than welded.

How We Achieve Fine Grain and Low Delta-Ferrite (Process Capability)

The grain size (ASTM 7.5) and delta-ferrite (0.4%) recorded on the project certificate are not accidental — they come from controlling the whole route from melt to heat treatment. How each result is achieved:

Fine, uniform grain — ASTM 7.5 (limit ≥5):

• High forging ratio (10:1 on this order): heavy deformation breaks down the as-cast / as-remelted structure, closes porosity and homogenises the matrix, feeding a fine worked structure into heat treatment.
• Controlled finish-forging temperature: forging is finished inside a defined temperature window so the steel is not left coarse-grained by over-heating.
• Controlled austenitising temperature in the quench-and-temper cycle: the final grain size of a martensitic steel is set mainly by the austenitising (solution) temperature, so we hold it in the range that re-dissolves carbides without coarsening the prior-austenite grain, then quench. This is the dominant lever; forging ratio and finish temperature prepare a clean structure for it.

Low delta-ferrite — 0.4% (limit ≤1%):

• Balanced melt chemistry (chromium-equivalent vs nickel-equivalent): delta-ferrite in 12% Cr martensitic steel is driven by the balance of ferrite-forming elements (Cr, Mo, V, Si) against austenite-forming elements (C, N, Ni, Mn). We hold the composition so the structure transforms fully to martensite with minimal retained delta-ferrite.
• ESR (electroslag remelting): after EF + VOD, remelting gives a clean, homogeneous ingot with low sulphur, low inclusions and minimal segregation — so there are no local ferrite-promoting segregation bands, keeping delta-ferrite uniformly low.
• Correct austenitising and tempering: proper solution and temper set the carbides correctly and avoid conditions that stabilise delta-ferrite.

Equipment & process route (from our own production records for this heat):

• Melting: electric furnace (EF) + vacuum oxygen decarburisation (VOD) + electroslag remelting (ESR) — the melt route stated on the certificate (Heat 1230709).
• Forging: open-die hydraulic forging press (forging ratio 10:1 on this order).
• Heat treatment: quench-and-temper furnaces with chart-recorder temperature traces (sample chart shown above).
• Inspection: ultrasonic flaw detector (USM GO+, per the ASTM A388 report) and magnetic-particle yoke equipment (per the ASTM A275 report), with metallographic examination for grain size, ferrite, decarburisation and inclusions.

Process and metallurgical review by Liu Mingru, Senior Metallurgical Engineer (Zhejiang University), Jiangsu Liangyi Co., Limited.

How Customers Use Our 1.4923 Forgings

• Forged flat / rectangular bar → machined into rotating and stationary steam-turbine blades (as in the Mexico project above).
• Forged round bar → high-temperature bolts, studs and valve stems.
• Forged discs and rings → rotor and casing components.
• Supplied in +QT condition — QT1 when toughness is the priority, QT2 (higher strength, as in our project: Rp0.2 777 MPa / Rm 897 MPa) when the blade designer specifies higher strength.

Selection and metallurgical review by Liu Mingru, Senior Metallurgical Engineer (Zhejiang University), Jiangsu Liangyi Co., Limited — LinkedIn.

Manufacturing Process & Heat Treatment Specification for 1.4923 Forgings

As a professional China 1.4923 forging manufacturer, we have the full production process to make sure all parts have consistent quality, great mechanical properties, and long lifetimes.

Melting & Forging Process

• Melting Process: Standard production uses Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) + Ladle Refining (LF) + Vacuum Degassing (VD/VOD). For extreme aerospace and turbine applications, we offer Electroslag Remelting (ESR) to make sure the highest material purity and homogeneity, with non-metallic inclusion control per ASTM E45.
• Forging Process: Preheating to 850°C before rapid heating to 1150-1180°C for forging, with a forging temperature range of 950-1180°C.
  We keep a minimum forging reduction ratio of 4:1 (up to 8:1 for critical parts) to remove casting flaws. For turbine blades, we apply strict forging flow line control to maximize fatigue resistance.
• Post-Forging Cooling: Controlled slow cooling in a furnace or dry ash to avoid thermal stress and cracking, with full temperature tracking throughout the process.

Standard Heat Treatment Specification

To get the required mechanical properties and microstructure, we use quenching and tempering process for 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 material:

1. Austenitizing: Holding the material at 1020-1070°C, followed by quenching in air, oil, or polymer quenchant to achieve full martensitic transformation
2. Tempering: Tempering at a minimum temperature of 650°C (range 640-740°C), with sufficient holding time to ensure uniform microstructure, followed by controlled air cooling
3. Stress Relieving: For straightened components, we perform stress relieving at 30°C below the actual tempering temperature, with a slow cooling rate to minimize residual stress and avoid distortion during machining
4. Full Documentation: Complete heat treatment cycle charts and records are included in the mill test certificate for every batch

Our heat treatment process gets a consistent internal grain distribution, with delta ferrite content controlled below 5% (below 1% for aerospace and turbine blade applications), and grain size of 4 or finer per ASTM E 112.

Quality Control & Compliance Standards for 1.4923 Forged Parts

We apply a full-process quality control system for all 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 forgings, with mandatory testing for every production batch to make sure they all meet international standards and client requirements.

Production Compliance Standards

Our 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 forgings meet all international standards as below:

• EN 10269 and DIN EN 10302 material standards for the X22CrMoV12-1 / 1.4923 grade
• EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates as standard; EN 10204 3.2 / third-party inspection (SGS, BV or TÜV) arranged on request
• Full NDE: 100% ultrasonic (ASTM A388), magnetic-particle (ASTM A275) and dimensional reports
• ISO 9001:2015 quality management system (Cert. No. 4469Q231026026RS)
• OEM specifications for Siemens, Alstom, MAN, Doosan Skoda Power and other global turbine manufacturers

Full-Process Testing & Inspection

Chemical & Mechanical Testing

• Full melt chemical analysis for every heat, with precision spectrometry verification
• Mechanical property testing (tensile, impact, hardness) for every heat treatment batch
• Hardness uniformity testing: maximum hardness difference ≤35 HBW per batch
• High-temperature tensile and creep testing for critical turbine applications
• Metallographic testing: microstructure evaluation, delta ferrite content measurement, non-metallic inclusion rating (ASTM E45), grain size analysis

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

All NDT is done after final heat treatment and stress relieving, with 100% coverage for critical parts:

• 100% Visual Inspection: Full surface inspection for cracks, seams, laps, and harmful defects
• 100% Ultrasonic Testing (UT): Full volume inspection per SEP 1923, quality class 2b, with dual crystal probe
• Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI): Full surface inspection for surface and sub-surface defects
• Material Identity Testing: Spark test or spectral analysis for every single piece to ensure material conformity
• Dimensional Inspection: Full dimensional report with calibrated measuring equipment

Technical Information and Commercial Support

This page is prepared for industrial buyers, purchasing teams, and engineers to evaluate 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 forged material for turbine, valve, ring, casing, and other high-temperature service parts. Commercial information is provided by the Jiangsu Liangyi export sales team, and technical data is presented based on the material standards and inspection practices referenced throughout this page.

• Commercial contact: Jiangsu Liangyi Co., Limited export sales team
• Use case focus: power generation, gas turbines, petrochemical, marine and industrial high-temperature equipment
• Buyer decision data covered: chemistry, mechanical properties, heat treatment, NDT scope, certification, delivery condition and quotation support

Reference price: USD 2–4 / kg, by customer size and drawing requirements (final price on quotation)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 Forgings

Contact Us for Custom 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 Forging Solutions

As a Chinese forging manufacturer and exporter specialising in high-temperature alloy and special-steel forgings, Jiangsu Liangyi Co., Limited provides custom OEM 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1 forging support to international buyers. Whether you need forged flat or round bars, rolled rings or machined blade stock in 1.4923 / X22CrMoV12-1, we can quote to your drawing, specification and EN 10204 certification level.

Please send us your custom drawing, material specification, quantity, and any certifications you need to get a detailed quote within 24 hours, . Our technical team will help you choose the right materials, improve the production process, and make sure the quality meets your project's needs.