Can 1.6932 forgings meet NACE MR0175 for sour service?

Yes, upon customer specification. NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 compliance requires hardness ≤22 HRC (≈248 HBW) throughout the forging and sulfur ≤0.010%. This must be explicitly stated in the purchase order. Note: NACE MR0175 defines material conditions; it is not a certification held by the manufacturer. Jiangsu Liangyi can produce and document these material parameters upon request.

What is the difference between 1.6932 and 1.6931 steel?

1.6932 (28NiCrMoV8-5) has 0.28% nominal carbon versus 0.26% for 1.6931 (26NiCrMoV8-5). The higher carbon gives 1.6932 slightly higher achievable strength. 1.6931 is preferred where maximum toughness at a lower strength class is sufficient, such as in steam turbine rotor applications.

What is the maximum size available for 1.6932 forgings?

Jiangsu Liangyi produces EN 1.6932 open-die forgings from 30 kg to 30,000 kg per piece, and seamless rolled rings up to 5000 mm outer diameter. Forged bars up to 600 mm diameter and 12,000 mm length are available.

What Is 1.6932 Steel? Complete Guide to 28NiCrMoV8-5 Composition, Properties & Heat Treatment

§ 01 — Overview

What Is 1.6932 Steel?

EN 1.6932 — also designated 28NiCrMoV8-5, 28NiCrMoV85, or 28NiCrMoV8.5 — is a low-alloy, quenched-and-tempered (Q+T) structural steel standardized under EN 10083-3: Steels for quenching and tempering — Technical delivery conditions for alloy steels. The material number follows the DIN EN 10027-2 system, and its chemical name encodes four alloying elements: approximately 2% Nickel, 1.25% Chromium, 0.45% Molybdenum, and 0.10% Vanadium.

1.6932 is a carbon-matrix ferritic/martensitic steel with multi-element alloying tuned for a specific combination of properties: high through-hardening capability in large cross-sections (up to 600 mm diameter), excellent impact toughness at −40°C, reliable resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), and predictable behavior under sustained cyclic fatigue loading. These characteristics make it one of the most consistently specified materials for large open-die forgings and seamless rolled rings in oil & gas, mining, and heavy machinery worldwide.

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Do not confuse with 1.6931

EN 1.6932 (28NiCrMoV8-5) is not the same as EN 1.6931 (26NiCrMoV8-5). The nominal carbon differs — 0.28% vs. 0.26% — which changes the achievable strength class. Always verify the 4-digit material number in the purchase order, not just the abbreviated grade name.

§ 02 — Designation System

Understanding the 28NiCrMoV8-5 Naming System

Per DIN EN 10027-1, the chemical designation 28NiCrMoV8-5 decodes as follows:

→28 — nominal carbon × 100 = ~0.28% C
→Ni — Nickel, primary alloying element (listed first by convention)
→Cr — Chromium, secondary alloying element
→Mo — Molybdenum, third alloying element
→V — Vanadium, trace grain-refining and precipitation-strengthening element
→8 — encodes Ni content: 8 ÷ 4 (EN factor for Ni) = ~2% Ni
→5 — encodes Cr and Mo proportions per EN multiplication factors

In procurement, this grade also appears as 28NiCrMoV85, 28NiCrMoV8.5, and 1.6932 steel. ASTM A470 Class 7 or Class 8 are sometimes cited as near-equivalents for rotor applications, but no direct one-to-one ASTM cross-reference covers all composition and property requirements of EN 10083-3.

§ 03 — Chemical Composition

Chemical Composition per EN 10083-3

The table below lists the heat (ladle) analysis ranges per EN 10083-3 Table 3. Product analysis from the forging itself allows small additional tolerance per the standard. All values in weight percent (wt%).

Table 1 — EN 1.6932 (28NiCrMoV8-5) Chemical Composition, Heat Analysis (wt%) · Source: EN 10083-3

Element	Symbol	Range per EN 10083-3 (wt%)	Primary Function
Carbon	C	0.24 – 0.32	Core strength via martensitic transformation on quenching
Silicon	Si	0 – 0.40	Deoxidizer; controlled to minimize temper embrittlement risk
Manganese	Mn	0.15 – 0.40	Hardenability; kept low to control MnS stringer formation
Phosphorus	P	≤ 0.035	Residual; excess P raises ductile-to-brittle transition temperature
Sulfur	S	≤ 0.035	Controlled for impact toughness and HIC resistance
Nickel	Ni	1.80 – 2.10	Critical for low-temperature toughness; enables ≥60 J at −40°C
Chromium	Cr	1.00 – 1.50	Hardenability depth and temper softening resistance
Molybdenum	Mo	0.35 – 0.55	Prevents temper embrittlement; elevated-temperature strength
Vanadium	V	0.050 – 0.15	Grain boundary pinning; VN/VC precipitation strengthening
Iron	Fe	Balance	Base element (~94.5–96.4%)

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Steelmaking quality control

At Jiangsu Liangyi, composition control starts at steelmaking — not at the lab after casting. Each heat is produced via Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) + Ladle Furnace + Vacuum Degassing (VD), targeting dissolved hydrogen below 2 ppm. Every heat is verified by optical emission spectrometry (OES) before forging begins. Internal aim points for P and S are tighter than EN 10083-3 standard limits, particularly for NACE-specified orders. If you are ready to place a custom 28NiCrMoV8-5 forging order, our product page covers available shapes, dimensions, and how to submit a drawing for a quotation.

§ 04 — Metallurgy

Role of Each Alloying Element in 28NiCrMoV8-5

Each element in 1.6932 serves a precise metallurgical function. Understanding these roles explains why the steel performs consistently in large cross-sections and extreme service conditions.

Ni~2%

Nickel1.80 – 2.10 wt%

Nickel is the primary reason 1.6932 guarantees ≥60 J Charpy at −40°C. It lowers the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the ferritic matrix and enhances hardenability depth, enabling large forgings up to 600 mm diameter to achieve a through-hardened martensitic microstructure without quench-crack-inducing cooling rates.

Cr~1.25%

Chromium1.00 – 1.50 wt%

Chromium improves through-hardening and resists softening during tempering. It forms stable Cr-rich carbides (Cr₇C₃) at grain boundaries, contributing to wear resistance and maintaining strength at moderate elevated temperatures during service up to 450°C.

Mo~0.45%

Molybdenum0.35 – 0.55 wt%

Molybdenum is the key defense against temper embrittlement — the toughness loss that occurs when NiCr steels are slowly cooled through 375–575°C. Mo segregates to prior-austenite grain boundaries and suppresses the phosphorus co-segregation mechanism responsible for embrittlement in this temperature range.

V~0.10%

Vanadium0.050 – 0.15 wt%

Vanadium precipitates fine VN and VC particles that pin austenite grain boundaries during heating, producing fine-grained microstructure after quenching. Finer prior-austenite grain size improves both toughness (at equivalent strength) and UT inspectability — ultrasonic background noise decreases as grain size decreases.

§ 05 — Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties in Quenched & Tempered Condition

Values below are guaranteed minimums in the quenched-and-tempered (QT) condition per EN 10083-3. These are test-piece results from the reference section. For large forgings over 300 mm cross-section, core properties will be lower than test-piece values — specify T/4 depth specimens if center properties are structurally critical.

≥690

MPa

Yield strength Rp0.2

≥865

MPa

Tensile strength Rm

≥60 J

at −40°C

Charpy impact KV

270–310

HBW

Brinell hardness

≥690MPa

Yield Strength Rp0.2 — minimum

≥865MPa

Tensile Strength Rm — minimum

≥14%

Elongation A — minimum

≥18%

Reduction of Area Z — minimum

≥60J

Charpy KV at −40°C (ISO-V transverse)

ASTM ≥5

Austenitic grain size

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Section size effect — critical for large forgings

These values are for the reference section (≤40 mm diameter) per EN 10083-3. For forgings with 200–600 mm cross-sections, always request mechanical test specimens from the T/4 (quarter-thickness) depth, both longitudinal and transverse. Surface specimens cannot represent core properties. Specify the test location in writing in the purchase order.

§ 06 — Heat Treatment

Standard Heat Treatment Protocol for 1.6932 Forgings

Heat treatment converts the chemistry of 1.6932 into mechanical properties. Every step — temperature, hold time, cooling rate — directly affects the outcome. Shortcuts at any stage cause property scatter or non-conformances on the MTC.

1

Austenitization

850 – 880 °C

Heat to and hold at 850–880°C. Hold time: calculated per section thickness to fully dissolve carbon and alloying carbides into the austenite matrix. Furnace temperature uniformity must be ≤ ±10°C across the working zone. At Jiangsu Liangyi, all heat treatment furnaces are calibrated per AMS 2750 pyrometry requirements, and actual time-temperature records are documented on every EN10204 3.1 MTC.

2

Quenching

Water or polymer quenchant

Controlled liquid quenching to achieve a fully martensitic (or bainitic-martensitic for large sections) microstructure throughout the cross-section. For large-diameter forgings, polymer quenchant concentration is adjusted to balance cooling rate against quench cracking risk. 100% ultrasonic testing (UT) after forging and heat treatment verifies internal soundness.

3

Tempering

580 – 650 °C

Tempering relieves martensite brittleness, reduces residual stress, and establishes the final strength-toughness balance. Higher tempering temperature → higher toughness and lower strength. The exact temperature is selected based on the buyer's required Rp0.2 and Charpy KV targets. Custom hardness targets outside the standard 270–310 HBW range can be accommodated if agreed before order placement.

§ 07 — Grade Comparison

How 1.6932 Compares to Similar Grades

Table 2 — NiCrMoV Family Alloy Steels Comparison

Grade	C (%)	Ni (%)	Rm min (MPa)	Typical application
1.6932 / 28NiCrMoV8-5 ★	0.24–0.32	1.80–2.10	865	Oil & gas wellhead, mining forgings, heavy shafts
1.6931 / 26NiCrMoV8-5	0.22–0.29	1.80–2.10	—	Turbine rotors, power generation (lower C, lower strength class)
1.6957 / 26NiCrMoV14-5	0.22–0.29	3.40–3.80	—	Large gas turbine rotor shafts; ASTM A470 Cl.8 near-equiv.
42CrMo4 / 1.7225	0.38–0.45	—	900	General machinery; limited to smaller sections (<100 mm effective)
ASTM A470 Class 7	≤ 0.30	1.5–2.0	760	Steam turbine forgings (US market) — near-equivalent only

The decisive advantage of 1.6932 over 42CrMo4 is through-hardening capability in large cross-sections. The 2% Ni enables the core of a 400 mm forging to reach sufficient hardness after quenching — something 42CrMo4 cannot achieve reliably beyond approximately 80–100 mm effective diameter. This is why 1.6932 is specified for large forged shafts, gear blanks, and wellhead bodies where 42CrMo4 would produce an unacceptably soft center and inadequate impact toughness at −40°C.

§ 08 — Applications

Industry Applications of 1.6932 (28NiCrMoV8-5) Forgings

Oil & Gas

Wellhead & Subsurface Components

Valve bodies, BOP components, and Christmas tree bodies requiring NACE MR0175 material compliance (upon spec) and API 6A PSL acceptance criteria (upon spec). H₂S sour service is the primary driver for specifying 1.6932 over simpler alloys.

Mining

Drill Collars & Drive Shafts

Large forged shafts, drill collars, raise boring machine shafts, and sheave wheels under high cyclic and impact loading. Low-temperature toughness is critical in arctic surface mines and deep underground environments.

Heavy Machinery

Gearboxes & Press Shafts

Pinion shafts, gear blanks, bearing housings, and eccentric shafts for heavy presses and crushing equipment. The QT Brinell hardness range (270–310 HBW) provides wear resistance without a separate case-hardening step.

Seamless Rings

Gear Rings & Large Flanges

Rolled rings up to 5000 mm OD for gear rings, slewing bearings, and custom flanges. Seamless rolling achieves circumferential fiber orientation for superior fatigue life versus rings flame-cut from plate.

Pumps & Compressors

High-Pressure Rotating Equipment

Forged pump housings, impeller shafts, and valve bodies for high-pressure upstream and midstream applications. Dimensional stability after heat treatment is essential for precision-machined sealing surfaces.

Offshore & Subsea

Connector Hubs & Riser Clamps

Subsea connector hubs, riser clamp bodies, and flowline end fittings in seawater and H₂S environments. EN10204 3.2 third-party certification is standard for these applications.

§ 09 — Certifications & Standards

Certifications and Applicable Standards

The following explains exactly what Jiangsu Liangyi holds, provides as standard, and can supply upon customer specification. Understanding the distinction prevents misunderstandings at order placement.

✓ Held by Jiangsu Liangyi ✓ Supplied as standard ⚙ Available upon customer specification

Table 3 — Certifications and Standards for 1.6932 Forgings from Jiangsu Liangyi

Standard / Certification	Status	Notes
ISO 9001:2015	✓ Held	Quality management system certification held by Jiangsu Liangyi Co., Limited. Audited annually by accredited third party.
EN10204 3.1 MTC	✓ Standard	Mill Test Certificate included with every shipment. Covers chemical composition (OES), tensile, Charpy, hardness, grain size, UT, and heat treatment records.
EN10204 3.2 MTC	⚙ On request	Third-party countersigned certificate by buyer-nominated body (SGS, BV, TÜV, Intertek, DNV). Must be arranged before order placement; requires witness inspection during production testing.
EN 10083-3	✓ Standard	Primary material standard. All 1.6932 production complies with EN 10083-3 composition and property requirements.
ASTM A388 / EN 10228-3	✓ Standard	100% ultrasonic testing on all forgings. Acceptance criteria per customer specification. API 6A PSL 3&4 UT criteria available upon spec.
NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156	⚙ Upon specification	NACE MR0175 defines material conditions (hardness ≤22 HRC, S ≤0.010%), not a certification held by the manufacturer. Jiangsu Liangyi can produce and document these conditions upon customer PO specification.
API 6A PSL criteria	⚙ Upon specification	API 6A PSL 1–4 acceptance criteria applied upon customer specification. Not a held certification — these are product acceptance requirements applied during production.
AMS 2750 (Pyrometry)	✓ Standard	Heat treatment furnaces calibrated per AMS 2750 pyrometry requirements. Actual time-temperature records provided on MTC. AMS 2750 is a furnace calibration standard, not a product certification.
ASTM A370 / EN ISO 6892-1	✓ Standard	Mechanical testing standards (tensile, impact, hardness) applied to all 1.6932 production.

ℹ

Important — what "compliant" means vs. "certified"

Held certification (ISO 9001:2015) means Jiangsu Liangyi's quality management system has been independently audited and registered. Standard compliance (EN 10083-3, ASTM A388) means product is manufactured and tested to meet the requirements of that standard. Available upon specification (NACE MR0175, API 6A PSL) means specific material conditions or acceptance criteria are applied when explicitly requested in the purchase order — these are not certifications that a forging manufacturer "holds." This distinction is important: any supplier claiming to "hold API 6A certification" for a forging product should be asked to clarify exactly what that means.

§ 10 — Sourcing Guide

How to Source Certified 1.6932 Forgings

What to specify in the purchase order

✓Material: EN 1.6932 / 28NiCrMoV8-5 per EN 10083-3 — full designation, not a trade name
✓Delivery condition: Quenched and Tempered (QT)
✓Required mechanical properties: Rp0.2 ≥690 MPa, Rm ≥865 MPa, A ≥14%, KV ≥60 J at −40°C (or custom targets)
✓Test specimen location: T/4 depth, longitudinal and transverse for sections over 200 mm
✓NDE: UT per ASTM A388 or EN 10228-3 with acceptance level stated explicitly
✓Certificate: EN10204 3.1 (standard) or 3.2 (third-party countersigned — arrange before order)
✓Sour service: state NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 material conditions (hardness ≤22 HRC, S ≤0.010%) if H₂S environment
✓Machining: rough-machined or finish-machined per drawing revision and number

Questions to ask your forging supplier

?Does the supplier melt their own steel (EAF + LF + VD), or purchase ingots/billets from an external mill?
?Are heat treatment furnaces calibrated per AMS 2750 or equivalent? Are time-temperature records included on the MTC?
?Is 100% ultrasonic testing standard on every forging, or only on request?
?Can the supplier provide historical MTC data for 1.6932 at your required section size, showing center-of-piece properties?
?When they say "NACE compliant" or "API 6A compliant" — are they claiming a held certification, or applying product acceptance criteria upon request?

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Ready to source 1.6932 forgings?

This guide covers the material science. For production details — forged bars to 600 mm diameter, seamless rolled rings to 5000 mm OD, 30 kg to 30,000 kg per piece — and to submit a drawing for a quotation, view available 1.6932 forging sizes, product forms, and request a quote. EN10204 3.1 MTC standard, 3.2 on request. NACE MR0175 material conditions and API 6A PSL acceptance criteria upon specification. Custom quotation within 24 hours.

§ 11 — FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions about 1.6932 Steel

Is 1.6932 the same as 28NiCrMoV8-5?

Yes. EN 1.6932 is the material number per DIN EN 10027-2; 28NiCrMoV8-5 is the chemical designation per DIN EN 10027-1. Both refer to the same steel. It is also written as 28NiCrMoV85 or 28NiCrMoV8.5 in supplier documents and search queries — all are the same grade.

What are the yield strength and tensile strength of 1.6932?

In the quenched-and-tempered (QT) condition per EN 10083-3: minimum yield strength (Rp0.2) is 690 MPa; minimum tensile strength (Rm) is 865 MPa; Charpy impact KV (ISO-V, transverse) is minimum 60 J at −40°C; Brinell hardness 270–310 HBW. These are minimum guaranteed values; typical production results run above the floor.

What is the ASTM equivalent of 1.6932?

There is no direct one-to-one ASTM equivalent. ASTM A470 Class 7 or Class 8 are sometimes referenced as near-equivalents for rotor applications, but composition ranges and property requirements differ. Always verify that any cited equivalent meets your specific Rp0.2, Charpy, and NDE requirements before approving a substitution.

What heat treatment is standard for 1.6932 forgings?

Standard heat treatment: (1) austenitize at 850–880°C with hold time based on section thickness; (2) water or polymer quench; (3) temper at 580–650°C. The tempering temperature is adjusted to achieve the buyer's required Rp0.2 and Charpy KV. Furnaces at Jiangsu Liangyi are calibrated per AMS 2750; actual time-temperature records are documented on every EN10204 3.1 MTC.

Can 1.6932 forgings meet NACE MR0175 for H₂S sour service?

Yes, upon customer specification. NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 defines material conditions — hardness ≤22 HRC (≈248 HBW) throughout the forging and sulfur ≤0.010% — that must be documented and verified. It is not a certification held by the manufacturer. Jiangsu Liangyi can produce 1.6932 to these material parameters when explicitly stated in the purchase order.

What is the difference between 1.6932 and 1.6931?

EN 1.6932 (28NiCrMoV8-5) has a nominal carbon of 0.28% vs. 0.26% for EN 1.6931 (26NiCrMoV8-5). The higher carbon gives 1.6932 marginally higher achievable yield and tensile strength. 1.6931 is preferred where maximum toughness at a lower strength class is sufficient — for example, in steam turbine rotor forgings per SEW 555 where creep resistance at lower stress is the design driver.

What certification documents come with 1.6932 forgings from Jiangsu Liangyi?

Every shipment includes an EN10204 3.1 Mill Test Certificate signed by Jiangsu Liangyi's authorized quality representative, covering: OES chemical composition, tensile properties (Rm, Rp0.2, A, Z), Charpy impact results (three specimens), Brinell hardness, grain size, UT results, and heat treatment time-temperature records. Jiangsu Liangyi holds ISO 9001:2015 certification. EN10204 3.2 by a buyer-nominated third party (SGS, BV, TÜV, Intertek, DNV) is available upon arrangement.

What is the maximum forging size available in 1.6932?

Jiangsu Liangyi produces EN 1.6932 open-die forgings from 30 kg to 30,000 kg per piece, forged bars up to 600 mm diameter and 12,000 mm length, and seamless rolled rings up to 5000 mm outer diameter. For large sections (diameter over 300 mm), request center-of-piece mechanical test data to verify achievable core properties.

Related Technical Pages

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What Is 1.6932 Steel? A Complete Guide to 28NiCrMoV8-5 Chemical Composition and Properties