What is the heat treatment procedure for ASTM A565 XM32?

Standard heat treatment for ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152): Austenitize at 1010–1060°C, hold for sufficient time (minimum 1 hour per 25mm section thickness), then oil quench or air cool. Temper at 650–700°C for a minimum of 2 hours, with double tempering recommended for large section forgings. The first temper converts retained austenite; the second stabilizes the microstructure and optimizes toughness.

What is the PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) of Jethete M152?

The calculated PREN of Jethete M152 (UNS S64152) is approximately 18–19, based on its nominal composition: PREN = Cr% + 3.3×Mo% + 16×N% ≈ 12 + 3.3×1.75 + 16×0.03 ≈ 18.3. This is superior to AISI 410 (PREN ~12) but lower than 316L (PREN ~25). It is suitable for mildly corrosive industrial environments but not for seawater or high-chloride immersion service without protective measures.

How does ASTM A565 XM32 compare to 17-4PH stainless steel?

ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) outperforms 17-4PH (UNS S17400) at temperatures above 400°C due to its nitrogen-vanadium strengthened martensitic matrix and superior creep resistance. 17-4PH achieves higher room-temperature tensile strength in H900 condition but loses strength rapidly above 300°C. XM32 is preferred for continuous turbine blade service above 450°C; 17-4PH is preferred for applications requiring higher corrosion resistance at ambient or moderate temperatures.

What is the recommended machining speed for Jethete M152?

For turning ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) in hardened and tempered condition (302–352 HB), recommended cutting speed with uncoated carbide inserts (K10/K20) is 60–90 m/min, with feed rate 0.10–0.25 mm/rev and depth of cut 1.0–3.0 mm. Use generous flood coolant. The material is prone to work hardening; use sharp, positive-geometry inserts and avoid dwelling or rubbing to minimize built-up edge formation.

What certifications do your XM32 forgings come with?

Our factory holds ISO 9001:2015 certification. Every batch is supplied with EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates (self-certified under our ISO 9001 quality system); EN 10204 3.2 is available when an accredited third-party inspector (BV, SGS, TUV) is involved. We can produce material meeting ASTM A565, AMS 5718 composition and property requirements, and NACE MR0175-compliant heat treatment upon request. We do not hold an API Monogram license; API 6A dimensional and material requirements can be met per customer purchase order specification. PMI testing is available on request.

ASTM A565 XM32 (UNS S64152 / Jethete M152) Forged Parts

Published: January 15, 2024 | Last Updated: June 10, 2025 | Manufacturer: Jiangsu Liangyi Co., Limited – ISO 9001:2015 Certified

Quick Reference: ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) – Key Technical Facts

Also Known As

Jethete M152 · UNS S64152 · XM-32 · K64152 · AMS 5718

Material Type

12% Cr Martensitic SS (N + V bearing)

Max Continuous Temp.

560°C (1040°F)

Min Tensile Strength (RT)

1000 MPa (145 ksi)

Min Yield Strength (RT)

795 MPa (115 ksi)

100,000h Rupture @ 540°C

~185 MPa

Fatigue Limit (R=−1, RT)

~420–460 MPa

PREN

~18.3

Hardness (H&T)

302 – 352 HB

Max Single-Piece Weight

35 Tons

Ring OD Range

300 – 6000 mm

Certification

ISO 9001:2015 · EN 10204 3.1 MTC

Product Overview

Jiangsu Liangyi Co., Limited, an ISO 9001:2015 certified professional forging manufacturer located in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China, specializes in the production of custom ASTM A565 XM32 (also known as XM-32, UNS S64152, UNS K64152, Jethete M152, AMS 5718) open die forgings and seamless rolled rings. With over 25 years of forging industry experience, we supply high-performance Jethete M152 forged steel products to customers across more than 50 countries, covering Europe, North America, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Australia, with the ability to produce material meeting ASTM, AMS, EN, and API specification requirements per customer purchase orders and custom client drawings.

ASTM A565 XM32 UNS S64152 Jethete M152 custom forged parts – seamless rings, shafts, turbine discs from Jiangsu Liangyi — Custom ASTM A565 XM32, UNS S64152, Jethete M152 forged parts from Jiangsu Liangyi – turbine rings, shafts, and discs

ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) is a premium nitrogen-bearing, hardenable 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel, specially engineered for exceptional high-temperature strength, outstanding creep resistance, and superior corrosion resistance. It is supplied in hardened and tempered (quenched and tempered) condition, delivering excellent toughness, stable creep-rupture properties, and reliable temper resistance at continuous operating temperatures up to 1040°F (560°C). What distinguishes XM32 from conventional 12% chromium martensitic grades such as AISI 410 or 422 is the deliberate addition of nitrogen (N) and vanadium (V) to the alloy composition. These elements form fine carbonitride precipitates within the martensitic matrix, impeding dislocation movement at elevated temperatures and delivering a measurably higher creep threshold—a critical advantage in long-running gas turbine and steam turbine environments where component lifetimes are measured in hundreds of thousands of operating hours.

Equivalent Standards & International Designations

ASTM A565 XM32 / Jethete M152 is referenced under multiple national and international standard systems. The following cross-reference table helps engineers confirm material equivalency across different procurement specifications and geographic markets.

Standard System	Designation / Grade	Document Scope	Key Remarks
ASTM (USA)	A565 / A565M – Grade XM32 (XM-32)	Bars, shapes, forgings for elevated temperature service	Primary specification; references both S64152 and K64152
UNS (USA)	S64152 / K64152	Unified Numbering System	S64152 used in most modern references; K64152 found in some older documents
Trade Name (UK / Global)	Jethete M152	–	Proprietary name originally developed by Firth-Vickers Stainless Steels, Sheffield, UK; widely used globally as a de-facto material name
AMS (Aerospace)	AMS 5718	Bars, wire, forgings and rings for aerospace applications	Aerospace quality with tighter cleanliness requirements; ESR melt often specified
EN / W.Nr. (Europe)	1.4939 (approximate equivalent)	EN 10088, EN 10269	Not an exact match; verify composition and mechanical property alignment for each application
BS (United Kingdom)	BS S162	British aerospace standards	Used in legacy UK aerospace supply chains
DEF STAN (UK Defence)	DEF STAN 02-833 / NSD 833	Naval and defence applications	Historical naval turbine specification

Procurement Note: When issuing purchase orders or material requisitions internationally, always specify both ASTM A565 XM32 and UNS S64152 together. In European supply chains, it helps to avoid confusion with other 12% Cr grades that have similar designation patterns but different compositions by addingJethete M152 and cross-referencing it to EN 1.4939.

Chemical Composition & Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties

All our ASTM A565 XM32 steel meets or exceeds the requirements of ASTM A565/A565M. Our internal melt control aims for the tighter end of the composition window to maximize creep performance and microstructural consistency across large-section forgings.

Chemical Composition (wt.%) – ASTM A565 XM32 / UNS S64152

Element	Range (wt.%)	Role in Alloy Performance
Iron (Fe)	Balance (~80.6–84.7)	Base matrix element
Chromium (Cr)	11.0 – 12.5	Provides corrosion resistance and temper resistance; forms M₂₃C₆ carbides that pin grain boundaries at high temperature
Nickel (Ni)	2.0 – 3.0	Stabilizes martensite, improves low-temperature toughness and impact strength, reduces the martensite start temperature (Ms)
Molybdenum (Mo)	1.5 – 2.0	Solid-solution strengthener; increases creep resistance and temper resistance; reduces susceptibility to temper embrittlement
Vanadium (V)	0.25 – 0.40	Forms fine MX-type (MC, M₂N) precipitates that resist coarsening at high temperature; primary contributor to elevated-temperature creep threshold
Manganese (Mn)	0.5 – 0.9	Austenite stabilizer; deoxidizer during steelmaking
Carbon (C)	0.080 – 0.150	Ensures full martensitic transformation; forms carbides contributing to hardness and strength
Nitrogen (N)	0.010 – 0.050	Key distinguishing addition vs. AISI 422; forms VN and Cr₂N precipitates that are significantly more creep-stable than carbides above 500°C
Silicon (Si)	≤ 0.35	Deoxidizer; controlled low to avoid δ-ferrite formation
Phosphorus (P)	≤ 0.025	Residual element; controlled to minimize temper embrittlement
Sulfur (S)	≤ 0.025	Residual element; kept low to preserve toughness and hot ductility

Metallurgical Insight: The combination of vanadium carbonitrides (V(C,N)) and molybdenum solid-solution strengthening is what gives XM32 its edge over earlier-generation 12%Cr steels. V(C,N) precipitates remain thermally stable up to ~560°C because vanadium has a much lower diffusivity in the iron matrix than chromium, retarding the Ostwald ripening (precipitate coarsening) that causes softening in conventional Cr-Mo martensitic grades above 480°C.

Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties (Hardened & Tempered, per ASTM A565)

Property	ASTM Minimum Requirement	Typical Achieved (Our Supply)	Unit
Tensile Strength (Rm)	1000	1050 – 1120	MPa
0.2% Proof Strength (Rp0.2)	795	850 – 950	MPa
Elongation A₅ (50 mm gauge)	15	17 – 20	%
Reduction of Area (Z)	30	40 – 55	%
Impact Energy CVN (Room Temp.)	40	55 – 90	J
Brinell Hardness (HB)	302 (min)	310 – 345	HB

Note on Section Size Effect: The mechanical properties above apply to forgings tested at the center of a standard test location (typically ¼ thickness from the forging surface for rings, or ¼ radius for bars). For very large-section forgings (thickness > 200 mm), a slight reduction in impact energy at the geometric center is normal due to slower cooling rates during quenching. We routinely perform through-section hardness surveys and, for critical aerospace or power applications, full mid-section mechanical test coupons upon customer request.

Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties

One of the primary engineering justifications for specifying ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) over lower-alloy hardenable stainless steels is its superior retention of tensile and yield strength at the elevated temperatures typical of steam and gas turbine operating environments. The following short-time tensile data at elevated temperature, measured on hardened and tempered specimens, illustrates the material's strength profile from ambient up to its maximum recommended operating temperature.

≥ 900 MPa

Tensile Strength at 300°C

≥ 780 MPa

Tensile Strength at 400°C

≥ 700 MPa

Tensile Strength at 500°C

≥ 620 MPa

Tensile Strength at 560°C

Short-Time Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature

Test Temperature	Tensile Strength Rm (MPa, typical)	0.2% Proof Strength Rp0.2 (MPa, typical)	Elongation A₅ (%)	Reduction of Area Z (%)
20°C (Room Temp.)	1050 – 1120	850 – 950	17 – 20	40 – 55
200°C (392°F)	960 – 1020	800 – 880	16 – 19	42 – 55
300°C (572°F)	900 – 970	750 – 840	15 – 18	43 – 56
400°C (752°F)	820 – 880	690 – 770	14 – 17	44 – 57
500°C (932°F)	720 – 780	610 – 670	13 – 16	45 – 58
540°C (1004°F)	660 – 720	560 – 620	13 – 16	46 – 59
560°C (1040°F)	620 – 680	520 – 580	12 – 15	46 – 60

Design Guidance: Note that XM32 exhibits a slight room-temperature tensile strength plateau between 200–300°C before declining. This behaviour – sometimes called the "blue-brittle region" in carbon steels – is mild in XM32 due to dynamic strain aging but engineers should avoid prolonged fatigue cycling in the 200–350°C range for fracture-critical components. Above 350°C the strength declines steadily but ductility remains acceptable through 560°C, which is why XM32 is safe for structural design in this temperature window.

Creep & Rupture Strength Data

For turbine designers and power plant engineers, creep rupture strength – the stress that causes specimen failure after a defined duration at a given temperature – is the governing design parameter, not room-temperature tensile strength. ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) is specifically engineered to maintain elevated rupture strength at temperatures where conventional 12%Cr steels are no longer reliable. The following data represents the industry-referenced rupture strength values for this grade in hardened and tempered condition.

100,000-Hour Creep Rupture Strength

Temperature	10,000h Rupture Strength (MPa)	100,000h Rupture Strength (MPa)	Design Relevance
450°C (842°F)	~380	~340	Lower end of turbine operating range; XM32 comfortably reliable
500°C (932°F)	~320	~280	Mid-range steam turbine blades and discs; primary design temperature for many applications
525°C (977°F)	~265	~230	Advanced steam turbine LP/IP rotor applications
540°C (1004°F)	~220	~185	Critical long-term turbine blade service; still viable with adequate safety factor
560°C (1040°F)	~175	~140	Maximum recommended service temperature; use only where lower-temp alternatives are not feasible

Minimum Creep Rate (Secondary Creep) Reference Data

Beyond rupture strength, turbine designers often consult minimum creep rate data to predict component deformation over time. At 500°C under a stress of 200 MPa, the minimum creep rate of Jethete M152 in hardened and tempered condition is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁵ % per hour, which is considered acceptable for blade root or disc bore applications in conventional steam turbines. Under 250 MPa at 540°C, the minimum creep rate rises to approximately 8 × 10⁻⁵ % per hour – still within design limits for many power plant standards but requiring careful allowance calculation.

Why XM32 Outperforms AISI 422 in Long-Term Creep

The key microstructural reason is precipitate stability. In AISI 422, the primary strengthening precipitates are chromium-rich M₂₃C₆ carbides, which begin to coarsen (Ostwald ripen) significantly above 480°C over long service exposures, causing progressive softening. In XM32, the vanadium carbonitrides [V(C,N)] have a much lower coarsening rate at 500–560°C because vanadium diffuses far more slowly than chromium in the iron matrix. This means the effective particle spacing between precipitates remains finer for longer, sustaining higher dislocation resistance and maintaining creep strength over 100,000+ hour service lives.

Physical & Thermal Properties

Accurate physical and thermal property data for ASTM A565 XM32 / UNS S64152 is essential for structural analysis, thermal fatigue calculations, and heat transfer modelling in turbine design. Values below are for hardened and tempered condition; some properties are temperature-dependent and representative values are given for common design temperatures.

Property	Value at 20°C	Value at 300°C	Value at 500°C	Unit
Density (ρ)	7.75	7.70	7.62	g/cm³
Melting Range	1400 – 1450 (approximate liquidus/solidus)			°C
Thermal Conductivity (λ)	~22	~23	~25	W/(m·K)
Specific Heat Capacity (Cp)	~460	~510	~560	J/(kg·K)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (α)	–	~11.5 (20–300°C)	~12.0 (20–500°C)	×10⁻⁶ /°C
Modulus of Elasticity (E)	~200	~188	~174	GPa
Poisson's Ratio (ν)	~0.28			–
Electrical Resistivity	~700	~850	~980	nΩ·m
Magnetic Permeability	Ferromagnetic (fully martensitic); µᵣ ≈ 60–100 at low field			–

Engineering Design Note: The thermal expansion coefficient of XM32 (~11.5–12.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C) is approximately 35–40% lower than austenitic stainless steels such as 316L (~16.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C). This dimensional stability under thermal cycling is a significant design advantage for turbine blade root-to-disc fit, shroud clearances, and precision seal components where differential thermal growth must be tightly controlled.

Heat Treatment Specifications

Correct heat treatment is the single most critical processing variable for achieving the target microstructure and mechanical properties in ASTM A565 XM32 forgings. The martensitic transformation, retained austenite content, and precipitate distribution are all highly sensitive to austenitizing temperature, hold time, quench rate, and tempering parameters. The following specifications are based on our established industrial process for Jethete M152 forgings across a range of section sizes.

Standard Full Heat Treatment Cycle (Hardening + Tempering)

Step	Temperature Range	Hold Time	Cooling Method	Purpose
Pre-heat (for large sections > 150mm)	600 – 650°C	1h minimum per 100mm section	Hold, then continue heating	Reduces thermal gradients; prevents quench cracking on heavy sections
Austenitizing (Hardening)	1010 – 1060°C	Min. 1h per 25mm section thickness (min. 2h total)	Oil quench (preferred) or forced-air quench for sections < 50mm	Dissolves carbides and carbonitrides into austenite; achieves full martensitic transformation upon cooling
Sub-zero Treatment (optional, aerospace)	−70 to −80°C	1 – 2 hours	Return to ambient before tempering	Converts residual austenite to martensite; mandatory for AMS 5718 applications with strict dimensional stability requirements
1st Temper	650 – 700°C	Min. 2h per 25mm section (min. 4h total)	Air cool to < 50°C before 2nd temper	Converts retained austenite formed on cooling; initiates V(C,N) and M₂₃C₆ precipitation; relieves quench stresses
2nd Temper (mandatory for sections > 75mm)	650 – 680°C	Min. 2h per 25mm section	Air cool to room temperature	Tempers any fresh martensite formed from retained austenite converted during 1st temper; stabilizes microstructure; optimizes toughness

Critical Austenitizing Temperature Control

The austenitizing temperature window for XM32 is narrower than for simpler martensitic grades and must be controlled carefully. Austenitizing below 1010°C results in incomplete carbide dissolution, which reduces hardenability and may leave undissolved carbide pools that act as fatigue crack initiation sites. Austenitizing above 1075°C risks excessive austenite grain growth, which degrades toughness, and may partially dissolve δ-ferrite stringers that form at very high temperatures – a particular concern for large-section forgings where solidification segregation is present. Our furnace temperature uniformity is maintained to ±8°C across the load for all ASTM A565 XM32 heat treatment cycles.

Tempering Temperature & Mechanical Property Relationship

Tempering Temperature (°C)	Tensile Strength Rm (MPa, approx.)	Yield Strength Rp0.2 (MPa, approx.)	Hardness (HB)	CVN Impact (J, approx.)
600°C	1100 – 1180	920 – 1000	330 – 360	35 – 55
650°C (standard)	1050 – 1120	850 – 950	310 – 345	55 – 90
680°C	980 – 1050	790 – 870	295 – 330	70 – 110
700°C	920 – 990	740 – 820	280 – 310	80 – 130

Critical Warning – Temper Embrittlement Range: Do NOT temper or allow long-time exposure in the 400–550°C temperature range. This is the temper embrittlement (TE) zone for this alloy system, where Ni and P segregate to prior austenite grain boundaries and cause dramatic impact toughness losses (sometimes below 10 J CVN). All tempering must be performed either below 380°C or above 580°C, and components should not be subjected to prolonged operation in the 400–550°C range unless the design explicitly accounts for embrittlement.

Stress Relieving (Post-Machining)

After CNC machining or cold straightening of UNS S64152 forgings, residual stresses may be relieved at 580–620°C for 2–4 hours, followed by controlled air cooling. This treatment does not significantly alter the bulk mechanical properties but must not exceed the 650°C tempering temperature, as exceeding the original temper temperature will cause over-tempering and property reduction. Stress relief below the 400–550°C embrittlement zone (i.e., at 300–380°C for 4–8 hours) is an acceptable alternative for components where precise dimensional control makes higher-temperature treatment impractical.

Welding Guidelines for ASTM A565 XM32 / Jethete M152

ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) is weldable, but its hardenable martensitic nature requires careful preheat, interpass temperature control, and mandatory post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) to achieve sound, tough weld joints. Welding without following the procedures below will produce a hard, brittle, hydrogen-crack-susceptible heat-affected zone (HAZ) that is unsuitable for any load-bearing application.

Recommended Welding Processes

GTAW / TIG (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding): Best for high-quality, precision joints in turbine blades, valve bodies, and aerospace parts. Best control of heat input; suitable for all section thicknesses.
GMAW / MIG (Gas Metal Arc Welding): Acceptable for larger sections with higher deposition rate requirements. Use pulse-mode to control heat input and minimize HAZ width.
SMAW / MMA (Shielded Metal Arc Welding): Used for repair welding and field applications. Requires strict hydrogen control – use only freshly baked low-hydrogen electrodes (baked at 350–400°C/1h minimum, used within 2 hours).
SAW (Submerged Arc Welding): For large structural weld overlays or ring-to-flange welds with thick sections; requires careful flux selection to avoid nitrogen pick-up.

Welding Procedure Parameters

Parameter	Specification	Reason
Preheat Temperature	200 – 300°C (mandatory)	Slows the cooling rate through the martensitic transformation range, reducing hardness gradients and hydrogen cracking risk in the HAZ
Interpass Temperature	200 – 300°C (maintain; do not exceed 350°C)	Prevents excessive softening of previously deposited weld metal and controls grain growth in the HAZ
Recommended Filler – TIG/MIG	ER410NiMo or matching composition filler (XM32 composition)	ER410NiMo provides a tough, crack-resistant weld deposit with compatible thermal expansion; matching filler maximizes joint efficiency at elevated temperature
Recommended Electrode – SMAW	E410NiMo-15 (low-hydrogen, freshly baked)	Low-hydrogen coating minimizes risk of hydrogen-induced delayed cracking in the martensitic HAZ
Shielding Gas (TIG)	100% Argon (Ar) or Ar + 2% N₂	Pure argon protects the melt pool; small N₂ addition compensates for nitrogen burn-off and preserves weld metal creep strength
Heat Input	0.5 – 1.5 kJ/mm (control strictly)	Low heat input limits HAZ width and grain coarsening; high heat input increases the risk of δ-ferrite formation in the weld zone, reducing toughness
Post-Weld Hydrogen Bake	250°C / 2–4h before PWHT (recommended for SMAW and heavy sections)	Drives off diffusible hydrogen before martensite transformation is complete, preventing delayed hydrogen cracking
PWHT (Post-Weld Heat Treatment)	650 – 700°C / minimum 2 hours / furnace or local induction heating	Tempers the hard martensitic HAZ, restores toughness, relieves residual weld stresses, and re-precipitates V(C,N) for creep performance recovery

Mandatory Requirement: Welding ASTM A565 XM32 without post-weld heat treatment at 650–700°C produces a HAZ hardness that can exceed 450 HV, which is outside any acceptable engineering standard for pressure-retaining components. PWHT is not optional for any structural or pressure-containing application, regardless of section thickness or joint configuration.

Dissimilar Welds and Overlay Applications

When joining XM32 to austenitic stainless steels (e.g., AISI 316L) or to low-alloy steels in mixed-component assemblies, an austenitic filler such as ER309L or ER316L is typically used as a buttering layer on the XM32 side before the main weld pass with austenitic filler. The buttering layer should be applied with preheat at 200–250°C and given an intermediate PWHT at 650°C before completing the dissimilar joint. This technique prevents carbon migration and minimises the risk of brittle martensite formation at the fusion boundary.

Corrosion Performance of ASTM A565 XM32 / UNS S64152

While ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) is classified as a stainless steel, its corrosion resistance is moderate compared to higher-alloyed austenitic or duplex grades. Engineers must understand both its capabilities and its limitations before specifying it for corrosive service environments.

Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN)

The PREN is the standard index for comparing pitting corrosion resistance among stainless steels. It is calculated as:

PREN Formula and XM32 Calculation

PREN = %Cr + 3.3 × %Mo + 16 × %N

Using nominal mid-range composition of XM32 (Cr = 11.75%, Mo = 1.75%, N = 0.030%):

PREN = 11.75 + (3.3 × 1.75) + (16 × 0.030) = 11.75 + 5.775 + 0.48 ≈ 18.0

With upper-range Mo (2.0%) and N (0.050%): PREN ≈ 12.5 + 6.6 + 0.8 ≈ 19.9

Corrosion Resistance Comparison Across Common Environments

Environment / Medium	XM32 Performance	Comparison to AISI 410	Practical Guidance
Atmospheric (industrial / urban)	Good	Significantly better	Suitable for unpainted structural turbine components in typical industrial atmospheres; light surface oxidation may occur
Fresh water (non-stagnant)	Good	Better	Suitable for cooling water passages and steam condensate systems
Steam (dry, < 560°C)	Excellent	Significantly better	Primary design environment; chromium oxide passive film is thermally stable and self-repairing
Mildly acidic solutions (pH 4–6, no Cl⁻)	Moderate	Better	Acceptable for short-term or low-concentration acid exposure; not recommended for continuous immersion
Dilute H₂S (sour service, < 10 ppm)	Moderate	Better (with NACE MR0175 HT)	Compliant with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 when hardness is controlled to ≤ 26 HRC (253 HB) per the standard; consult NACE requirements before specifying
Concentrated chloride solutions / seawater	Limited	Similar (both susceptible)	Not recommended for continuous immersion in chloride-rich environments above 0.5% NaCl concentration; pitting and crevice corrosion can initiate. Use protective coating or upgrade to super-duplex for these environments
Oxidising acids (HNO₃)	Moderate	Similar	Passive in dilute HNO₃ (<20%); active dissolution in concentrated HNO₃. Not recommended for acid pickling without inhibitor
Reducing acids (HCl, H₂SO₄)	Poor	Similar (both poor)	Not suitable; rapid attack occurs. Use Ni-alloys or high-Mo stainless steels for these media

Oxidation Resistance at Elevated Temperature

In dry air and steam environments, XM32 forms a protective Cr₂O₃-rich oxide scale. The material is rated for continuous oxidation resistance in dry air up to approximately 750°C, well above its mechanical service limit of 560°C. This provides a comfortable margin ensuring that even in turbine regions exposed to hot combustion gases or steam blowthrough events, the surface oxide remains protective and does not undergo breakaway oxidation during the operating life of the component.

NACE MR0175 Compliance Note: ASTM A565 XM32 forgings intended for sour service (H₂S-containing oil and gas environments) must be heat-treated to achieve a maximum hardness of 26 HRC (approximately 253 HB or 270 HV) per NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3 Table A.2 requirements for 12%Cr martensitic stainless steels. Please specify "NACE-compliant heat treatment" when ordering valve components, wellhead parts, or downhole tools in H₂S service, and we will tailor the tempering cycle accordingly.

Fatigue Performance

Fatigue resistance is a primary design criterion for ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) forged components used in rotating turbine applications, where blades, discs, and shafts experience cyclic stresses from both centrifugal loading (mean stress) and vibration (alternating stress). Understanding the fatigue behaviour of this alloy is essential for safe component life estimation under the combined high-temperature and cyclic stress environments of gas and steam turbines.

Room-Temperature Fatigue Endurance Limit

~420–460 MPa

Bending fatigue limit (R = −1, smooth specimen, 10⁷ cycles, RT)

~0.42–0.44

Fatigue ratio (σ_e / Rm) – consistent with high-strength martensitic steels

~320–360 MPa

Axial fatigue limit (R = −1, smooth specimen, 10⁷ cycles, RT)

~200–240 MPa

Estimated fatigue limit at 500°C (rotating bending, R = −1)

Factors Affecting Fatigue Life in Service

Surface Finish: The most significant single factor. For fatigue-critical turbine blades, a polished surface with Ra ≤ 0.8 µm is strongly recommended. Turning marks or ground finish (Ra 1.6–3.2 µm) can reduce the fatigue limit by 15–25% relative to polished smooth-bar values due to stress concentration at surface asperities. Shot peening of blade root form surfaces is increasingly used to induce beneficial compressive residual stresses that offset this penalty.
Stress Concentration Factor (Kt): Sharp notches, keyways, or abrupt section changes are particularly damaging in high-strength martensitic steels. The notch sensitivity index (q) of XM32 is high (~0.8–0.9) due to its high tensile strength. All geometric transitions in XM32 components should use generous radii (minimum r/d ≥ 0.15) to limit stress concentration effects.
Temperature Effect: The fatigue limit decreases progressively with increasing temperature, dropping to approximately 200–240 MPa at 500°C. Thermal fatigue cycles (startup–shutdown) create additional damage accumulation, particularly in hollow blade cooling passages and near attachment features. Creep-fatigue interaction must be assessed for components above 450°C.
Mean Stress Effect: XM32 components in rotating machinery experience significant mean centrifugal stresses superimposed on the alternating vibratory stresses. Modified Goodman or Haigh diagram analysis using actual material data should be used for design. The relatively high tensile strength of XM32 (compared to AISI 422) provides a wider safe operating area on the Haigh diagram at high mean stress levels.
Microstructural Cleanliness: Fatigue initiation in high-cycle applications is almost always associated with non-metallic inclusions or second-phase particles acting as internal stress concentrators. ESR (Electroslag Remelted) XM32 forgings, which have significantly lower inclusion content and more uniform microstructure, consistently outperform conventionally melted EAF+AOD+VOD material in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF, >10⁸ cycles) tests. For the highest fatigue life requirements, we recommend specifying ESR melting process.

Design Recommendation: For gas turbine compressor blades and disc-blade attachment features in XM32, apply a design allowable fatigue stress of no more than 60–65% of the smooth-specimen endurance limit after applying appropriate surface finish, stress concentration, and temperature derating factors. This conservative approach accounts for scatter in fatigue data and the consequences of in-service blade failures.

Machining & Fabrication Guide for ASTM A565 XM32 / Jethete M152

Machining ASTM A565 XM32 forgings in the hardened and tempered condition (302–352 HB) requires significantly different tooling and parameters compared to softer stainless steels such as AISI 304 or 316L. The high hardness, moderate work-hardening rate, and abrasive vanadium carbonitride precipitates all demand carefully selected tooling, conservative cutting parameters, and generous coolant application to achieve acceptable tool life and dimensional accuracy.

Turning Parameters

Operation	Tool Material	Grade / Coating	Cutting Speed (m/min)	Feed Rate (mm/rev)	Depth of Cut (mm)	Coolant
Rough Turning	Carbide Insert	P25–P35, TiCN or TiAlN coated	60 – 80	0.20 – 0.40	2.0 – 5.0	Flood (mandatory)
Semi-finish Turning	Carbide Insert	P15–P25, TiAlN coated	75 – 100	0.10 – 0.20	0.5 – 2.0	Flood
Finish Turning	Carbide Insert	P10–P15, TiN or CBN coated	80 – 110	0.05 – 0.12	0.2 – 0.8	Flood
Hard Turning (> 340 HB)	CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride)	Low-CBN content grade	100 – 160	0.05 – 0.10	0.1 – 0.5	Dry or minimal quantity

Milling, Drilling, and Grinding

Operation	Recommended Tool	Cutting Speed / Parameters	Key Notes
Face Milling	Carbide inserts, P25–P35, positive rake geometry	Vc: 50–80 m/min; fz: 0.08–0.15 mm/tooth	Use climb milling (down-milling) to minimise work hardening; avoid conventional milling for finishing cuts
Slot / End Milling	Solid carbide end mills (TiAlN coated), 4-flute	Vc: 40–60 m/min; fz: 0.04–0.08 mm/tooth; ae ≤ 0.5 × D	Reduce radial depth of cut; use flood coolant; watch for chatter on thin blade profiles
Drilling	HSS-Co or solid carbide drill; parabolic flute	Vc: 8–15 m/min (HSS-Co); 20–35 m/min (carbide); f: 0.05–0.12 mm/rev	Peck drilling mandatory for holes > 3× diameter; withdraw frequently to clear chips; flood coolant through tool preferred
Reaming	Carbide reamer	Vc: 10–20 m/min; f: 0.05–0.10 mm/rev	Leave 0.15–0.25 mm stock for reaming; use cutting oil rather than flood coolant for final pass
Grinding	Aluminium oxide or CBN wheel	Wheel speed 25–35 m/s; work speed 15–25 m/min; depth of cut 0.005–0.020 mm/pass	Use generous flood coolant to prevent thermal damage (grinding burn) which can cause surface tensile residual stresses and reduce fatigue life; monitor for grinding cracks with MPI after finishing
Thread Cutting	HSS-Co tap (hand tap preferred for precision); solid carbide for CNC tapping	Vc: 5–8 m/min tapping speed	Use sulphurised cutting oil; tap holes slightly oversize to allow for spring-back; avoid bottoming taps in blind holes

Main Machining Principles for XM32

Never allow the tool to rub or dwell: XM32 has a moderate work-hardening rate. Any dwelling, rubbing, or intermittent cutting with a worn tool rapidly work-hardens the surface layer, making subsequent cuts progressively harder and shortening tool life exponentially. Always advance the tool positively into cut.
Prioritise sharp, fresh tooling for finishing: The practical tool change criterion is cutting-edge wear above 0.2 mm flank wear (VB). Worn tools make cutting forces and surface temperatures much higher, which could cause thermal damage to finished surfaces.
Flood coolant is mandatory: The combination of high hardness and moderate thermal conductivity means heat generated at the cutting zone is not efficiently dissipated into the workpiece. Inadequate coolant causes thermal softening of the tool edge, built-up edge (BUE) formation, and dimensional inaccuracy from thermal expansion of the workpiece.
Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) after hard finishing: For all fatigue-critical forged components (turbine blades, disc bores, shaft journal areas), perform MPI after final grinding or finish machining to detect any surface micro-cracks introduced during machining, especially grinding burn. This is a mandatory step in most aerospace and turbine OEM process specifications.

Material Comparison: XM32 vs. 17-4PH vs. AISI 422 vs. AISI 410

Engineers often compareJethete M152 (XM32) to other hardenable stainless steels for use in high-temperature and corrosive environments. The following detailed comparison helps you choose the best material from the most common competing grades.

Property / Criterion	ASTM A565 XM32 (UNS S64152)	17-4PH (UNS S17400)	AISI 422 (UNS S42200)	AISI 410 (UNS S41000)
Steel Type	Martensitic (N+V bearing)	Precipitation-hardening	Martensitic (Mo+W+V)	Martensitic (basic)
Cr content	11.0–12.5%	15.0–17.5%	11.5–13.5%	11.5–13.5%
Ni content	2.0–3.0%	3.0–5.0%	0.5–1.0%	≤0.75%
Key alloying additions	N, V, Mo	Cu, Nb (precipitation hardening)	Mo, W, V	None significant
PREN	~18–20	~24–27	~15–18	~12–13
Min Tensile (RT)	1000 MPa	930–1310 MPa (H-condition)	~1000 MPa	~620 MPa
Max Continuous Service Temp.	560°C (1040°F)	~300°C (570°F)	~480°C (896°F)	~450°C (842°F)
100,000h Rupture @ 500°C	~280 MPa	Not suitable (<50 MPa)	~180–200 MPa	~80–100 MPa
Creep resistance at 500–560°C	Excellent	Unsuitable	Good	Fair
Min CVN Impact (RT)	40 J (ASTM min.)	27–68 J (H-condition)	~27 J typical	~20 J typical
Corrosion resistance	Good (moderate)	Excellent	Good	Moderate
Fatigue limit (R=−1, RT)	~420–460 MPa	~430–520 MPa (H900)	~380–420 MPa	~250–300 MPa
Weldability	Moderate (PWHT needed)	Moderate (PWHT needed)	Moderate (PWHT needed)	Good (lower C)
Machinability (relative)	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate–Difficult	Good
Primary applications	Turbine blades, aerospace fasteners, oil & gas valves >500°C	Aerospace structures, marine pump components, <300°C	Steam turbine blades <480°C, compressor parts	General purpose, pump shafts, mild corrosion service
ASTM Specification	A565 / AMS 5718	A564 / AMS 5604	A276	A276 / A473

Summary: ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) is the correct choice when the service temperature exceeds 480°C continuously, or when long-term creep life under moderate to high stress above 500°C is the governing design requirement. For ambient temperature applications where superior corrosion resistance is the priority, 17-4PH is more suitable. AISI 422 is a cost-effective alternative for applications below 480°C that do not require the full 560°C capability of XM32.

Custom Forged Shapes & Forms

We manufacture a full range of custom Jethete M152 forged components in various shapes and sizes, with single-piece weight capacity from 30 kg up to 35 tons, fully compliant with customer drawings and technical requirements. Our available ASTM A565 XM32 forging product forms include:

ASTM A565 XM32 forged steel round bars, square bars, flat bars, rectangular bars and precision rods
UNS S64152 seamless rolled rings, contoured rings, valve seat rings, seal rings, labyrinth rings and turbine guide rings
Jethete M152 forged hubs, housings, shells, sleeves, bushings, hollow bars, casings and heavy-wall cylinders
ASTM A565 XM-32 forged discs, disks, blocks, plates, flanged blanks and tube sheets
UNS S64152 forged pipes, tubes, tubings and high-pressure piping components for critical service
Jethete M152 forged gas and steam turbine rotors, shafts, blades, impellers, turbine disks, blisks and high-heat turbine bolts
Custom ASTM A565 XM32 valve spindles, valve bodies, and other precision valve components for oil & gas service

Customization Capabilities

We offer comprehensive customization services for ASTM A565 XM32 forgings to meet specific application requirements:

Dimension & Tolerance

Round bars: Diameter 50 mm – 2000 mm
Seamless rolled rings: OD 300 mm – 6000 mm, Height 50 mm – 1500 mm
Shafts: Diameter 100 mm – 1800 mm, Length up to 15 m
Tolerance: Up to ISO 2768-mK (precision CNC machining optional)

Surface Treatment

Black oxide, phosphating, shot blasting, shot peening (Almen intensity to specification)
CNC machining, grinding, polishing (Ra ≤ 0.4 µm achievable for fatigue-critical surfaces)
Hardfacing (Stellite 6/21 PTA or SMAW overlay, optional)

Heat Treatment

Hardening & tempering (standard delivery condition per ASTM A565)
Double tempering for large sections (standard practice, see Heat Treatment section)
NACE MR0175-compliant heat treatment (max 26 HRC / 253 HB, available on request)
Normalizing, annealing, stress relieving
Custom heat treatment cycles per customer specification

Melting & Production Process

Our ASTM A565 XM32 forged steel parts are produced with premium, industry-leading melting and forging processes, strictly in accordance with client specifications and international material standards.

Premium Melting Routes

Our standard melting process for Jethete M152 steel adopts Basic Electric Furnace (EAF) + Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) + Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization (VOD) route, ensuring precise control of chemical composition, low gas content, and high material purity. For high-demand aerospace and critical turbine applications, optional Electroslag Remelting (ESR) further enhances material uniformity, reduces non-metallic inclusions, and improves fatigue resistance and creep performance of the final UNS S64152 forgings. ESR-grade material targets lower inclusion ratings (K4 or better per ASTM E45 as a guide) and tighter compositional banding, making it the material of choice for VHCF-critical turbine blade applications.

Full In-House Production Chain

We complete the entire production process in-house: steel melting, open die forging, seamless ring rolling, precision heat treatment, CNC machining, and full inspection. This closed-loop production ensures complete traceability of every production step, strict quality control, and flexible delivery time for all our custom XM32 forgings, with EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 mill test certificates available for every batch. Our advanced forging and inspection equipment guarantees the highest quality standards.

Industry Applications & Proven Project Cases

ASTM A565 XM32 (UNS S64152 / Jethete M152) forged parts are widely used in critical industrial sectors where high temperature, pressure, and corrosion are primary design considerations. The following are our actual project references covering global main industrial markets:

Jethete M152 ASTM A565 XM32 turbine blades, rotors, and seamless rings for power generation — Jethete M152 ASTM A565 XM32 turbine blades, rotor rings, and discs manufactured for the power generation industry

Aerospace High-Heat Fastener & Structural Components (European Market)

We have supplied custom ASTM A565 XM32 high-strength bolts, fasteners, and landing gear structural components for a leading European aerospace prime contractor. The customer's specific challenge was insufficient high-temperature creep resistance and temper stability of their previously specified 17-4PH material in an elevated-temperature zone where service temperatures regularly reached 450–480°C. By transitioning to XM32 with ESR melting and double-temper heat treatment, the customer achieved a 35% improvement in measured 10,000h creep deformation at 450°C versus their baseline 17-4PH specification, eliminating premature fastener relaxation and the associated joint re-torquing maintenance cost. All parts underwent 100% non-destructive testing (UT + MPI) and full mechanical property batch verification. More than 2,000 pieces have been delivered and are in stable service for over 8 years without a single reported field rejection.

Land-Based Gas Turbine Components (Asian Power Generation Market)

We delivered large-scale Jethete M152 seamless rolled rings, turbine guide rings, and rotor structural discs for 3 large combined-cycle thermal power plants in Southeast Asia operating at 540–560°C inlet temperature. The customer required rings with a maximum OD of 5.8 meters and disc weights up to 32 tons per piece, while meeting ASTM A565 full mechanical property requirements and a specific 100,000h creep rupture design stress of 170 MPa at 550°C verified by accelerated creep testing. Our EAF+AOD+VOD melting process with full vacuum degassing achieved the required nitrogen and vanadium in the tighter end of the composition window, consistently delivering 100,000h rupture estimates above 180 MPa at 550°C. These parts have been in stable power generation service for over 5 years across all three installations without reported degradation.

Oil & Gas Wellhead & Valve Equipment (Middle East Market)

We provided UNS S64152 forged valve seats, valve spindles, and parts for drilling tools of a major oilfield development project in the Arabian Gulf. The customer's sour service specification required compliance with NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156, meaning all finished machined surfaces must not exceed 26 HRC (253 HB). Our heat treatment cycle, which met NACE standards, included tempering at 685°C (above the minimum standard). This consistently produced parts with hardness values of 240–252 HB. The purchase order quality plan called for 100% surface hardness testing to confirm this. We delivered more than 1,500 sets of custom valve parts, all manufactured to meet the size and material requirements in the customer's API 6A-based purchase order. These parts have been in use in wellhead systems at working pressures up to 15,000 psi for more than four years without any reports of stress corrosion cracking.

Global Shipping & Logistics

We offer reliable global shipping and logistics services for Jethete M152 forgings to guarantee timely delivery to your location:

Main Ports: Shanghai Port, Ningbo Port (among China's busiest and most efficient export ports)
Transportation Modes: Sea Freight (FCL/LCL), Air Freight, Express (DHL, FedEx, UPS, TNT)
Standard Delivery Time: 30–60 days from order confirmation (depends on order quantity and complexity)
Customs Clearance Support: Full export documentation including commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, EN 10204 MTC, and certificate of origin
Service Regions: USA, UK, Germany, France, Netherlands, Australia, UAE, Saudi Arabia, India, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and 40+ more countries

Full-Process Quality Control & Certification

We implement a strict full-process quality control system for every batch of Jethete M152 forged parts, from raw material melting to final delivery, ensuring 100% compliance with international standards and customer requirements:

ISO 9001:2015 quality management system certification – full production process strictly follows system requirements
EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 mill test certificate (MTC) provided for every delivery, with full material traceability back to heat number
Production to API 6A, AMS 5718, NACE MR0175, DIN, and EN standard requirements available upon customer request (note: we hold ISO 9001:2015 factory certification; API Monogram is not held)
Third-party inspection supported – BV, SGS, TUV and other internationally recognised inspection bodies welcomed at any production stage
100% non-destructive testing (UT, MPI, PT) for customer-specified critical components; NDT scope and methods confirmed per purchase order quality plan, with full inspection report provided
Positive material identification (PMI/XRF) testing on all finished forgings, available upon request
Full hardness survey (Brinell) on each delivered forging, included in 3.1 MTC as standard

How to Order Custom ASTM A565 XM32 Forgings

Our ordering process is designed to be fast, transparent, and technically rigorous. From your initial inquiry to final delivery, a dedicated project manager accompanies your order at every step.

Submit Inquiry with Drawings or Specifications Send technical drawings, material grade (ASTM A565 XM32 / UNS S64152 / Jethete M152), dimensions, quantity, required certifications, and target delivery date to sales@jnmtforgedparts.com or via WhatsApp +86-13585067993.
Receive Detailed Quotation within 24 Hours Our technical team reviews your requirements and provides a comprehensive quotation including unit price, lead time, packing details, testing scope, and certification options.
Confirm Order & Production Schedule After order confirmation and deposit payment, we issue a detailed production schedule and assign a dedicated project manager for your order.
Production, Testing & Third-Party Inspection Full in-house production: melting, forging, heat treatment, machining, NDT. Third-party inspection (BV, SGS, TUV) is welcomed at any stage.
Shipping & Full Export Documentation Export via Shanghai or Ningbo Port with complete documentation: commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, EN 10204 3.1/3.2 MTC, and certificate of origin.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) stainless steel?

ASTM A565 XM32 (also known as Jethete M152, UNS S64152, UNS K64152, AMS 5718) is a nitrogen-bearing, hardenable 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel. It is designed for high strength at elevated temperatures up to 560°C (1040°F), with excellent creep resistance, good toughness (min. 40 J CVN at room temperature), and adequate corrosion resistance for industrial and aerospace environments. It is the best choice material for gas turbine blades, steam turbine parts, aerospace fasteners, and oil & gas valve parts operating above 450°C.

What is the creep rupture strength of Jethete M152 at 540°C?

The 100,000-hour creep rupture strength of Jethete M152 (ASTM A565 XM32) is approximately 185 MPa at 540°C and approximately 140 MPa at 560°C. At 500°C, the 100,000h rupture strength is approximately 280 MPa. These values are significantly higher than AISI 422 above 500°C (where AISI 422 delivers approximately 180–200 MPa at 500°C and falls below 100 MPa at 540°C). This creep advantage is the primary reason XM32 is specified for advanced steam turbine and gas turbine applications above 500°C.

What is the correct heat treatment for ASTM A565 XM32?

Standard heat treatment for ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152): Austenitize at 1010–1060°C with a minimum hold of 1 hour per 25mm section thickness (oil quench or forced-air cool). Then double-temper at 650–700°C for a minimum of 2 hours per 25mm per cycle, with air cooling to below 50°C between the two temper cycles. The double tempering is critical – the first temper converts retained austenite formed on initial cooling; the second temper then tempers the fresh martensite formed from that converted austenite. Avoid any heat treatment exposure in the 400–550°C temper embrittlement range.

Can ASTM A565 XM32 be welded, and what PWHT is required?

Yes, XM32 (Jethete M152) can be welded using TIG, MIG, or SMAW processes. Mandatory preheat is 200–300°C. Recommended filler is ER410NiMo (TIG/MIG) or E410NiMo-15 (SMAW). Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 650–700°C for a minimum of 2 hours is required without exception for any structural or pressure-retaining joint. PWHT is not optional – welding without it produces a hard (>450 HV), brittle, hydrogen-crack-susceptible HAZ. Welding without PWHT is acceptable only for cosmetic or non-load-bearing tack welds.

What is the PREN of Jethete M152, and where is it suitable for corrosion service?

The calculated PREN of Jethete M152 is approximately 18–20 (PREN = %Cr + 3.3×%Mo + 16×%N ≈ 12 + 5.78 + 0.48 ≈ 18.3 at nominal composition). This is suitable for atmospheric service, fresh water, dry and wet steam, and mildly acidic environments. It is NOT suitable for chloride-rich immersion service (seawater, brines), concentrated acids, or high-H₂S concentrations above NACE MR0175 limits. For sour service compliance, a NACE-compliant heat treatment to ≤26 HRC (253 HB) is required per ISO 15156-3.

What is the fatigue strength of ASTM A565 XM32?

The rotating bending fatigue endurance limit (R = −1, smooth polished specimen, 10⁷ cycles, room temperature) of ASTM A565 XM32 in hardened and tempered condition is approximately 420–460 MPa, giving a fatigue ratio of ~0.42–0.44 relative to tensile strength. At 500°C, the estimated fatigue limit drops to ~200–240 MPa. Surface finish has a major impact: rough-turned surfaces (Ra 3.2 µm) reduce the effective fatigue limit by 15–25%. Shot peening of root attachment features is recommended for turbine blade applications to induce beneficial compressive residual stresses. ESR-grade forgings show approximately 10–15% higher fatigue endurance in very high cycle (VHCF, >10⁸ cycles) applications due to lower inclusion content.

What machining parameters are recommended for Jethete M152?

For turning ASTM A565 XM32 in H&T condition (310–345 HB): cutting speed 60–100 m/min with TiAlN-coated carbide inserts (P15–P35 grade), feed rate 0.10–0.25 mm/rev, depth of cut 0.5–3.0 mm, mandatory flood coolant. Use positive-rake insert geometry; avoid dwelling or rubbing. The material has a moderate work-hardening rate – worn tools (>0.2 mm flank wear) must be replaced promptly. For finishing cuts below 0.5 mm depth, reduce cutting speed to 70–90 m/min to maintain surface integrity. For sections >340 HB, CBN tooling is recommended for finishing. Perform MPI after grinding of any fatigue-critical surface.

How does ASTM A565 XM32 compare to 17-4PH for gas turbine applications?

ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) outperforms 17‑4PH (UNS S17400) significantly for gas turbine parts operating above 400°C.
Beyond 300°C, 17‑4PH suffers rapid strength degradation and is unsuited for long-term, creep-critical service at temperatures exceeding 350°C. XM32 keeps reliable creep performance up to 560°C. At 500°C, XM32's 100,000h rupture strength is ~280 MPa, versus less than 50 MPa for 17-4PH. 17-4PH is preferred over XM32 only for ambient-temperature applications where higher corrosion resistance (PREN ~25) or higher room-temperature tensile strength (H900 condition, ~1310 MPa) is the primary design requirement.

Can you provide custom ASTM A565 XM32 forgings per drawings, and what are your capabilities?

Yes, we specialize in custom ASTM A565 XM32 forgings to customer drawings. Available forms: round bars (Ø50–2000mm), seamless rolled rings (OD 300–6000mm, H 50–1500mm), shafts (up to 15m), discs, sleeves, hubs, turbine blades, valve bodies, and complex custom shapes. Single-piece weight from 30 kg to 35 tons. Melting options: EAF+AOD+VOD (standard) or +ESR (premium). Heat treatment: standard H&T, double-temper, NACE MR0175-compliant (max 26 HRC), or custom cycle. Documents: EN 10204 3.1 MTC (standard), EN 10204 3.2 (with third-party inspector). Factory certification: ISO 9001:2015. Material producible to AMS 5718 and API 6A customer specification requirements. Lead time 30–60 days.

What is the minimum order quantity and lead time for XM32 forgings?

There is no strict minimum order quantity. We accept prototype single pieces through to full production batches of thousands. Standard lead time is 30–60 days from order confirmation, depending on quantity, complexity, and required heat treatment and testing scope. Rush production can be discussed case by case. Shipping is via Shanghai or Ningbo Port by sea freight (FCL/LCL), air freight, or DHL/FedEx/UPS express. Response to inquiries is within 24 hours with a detailed technical and commercial quotation.

Get a Custom Quotation

Jiangsu Liangyi is dedicated to providing the most competitive pricing and superior quality ASTM A565 XM32 (UNS S64152 / Jethete M152) forged steel products for global industrial buyers. Send your custom drawings, material requirements, order quantity, and technical specifications to receive a detailed quotation — response within 24 hours.

Inquiry Email: sales@jnmtforgedparts.com

Phone / WhatsApp: +86-13585067993

Official Website: www.jnmtforgedparts.com

Factory Address: Chengchang Industry Park, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China

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ASTM A565 XM32 (UNS S64152 / Jethete M152) Forged Parts

Quick Reference: ASTM A565 XM32 (Jethete M152) – Key Technical Facts

Table of Contents

Product Overview

Equivalent Standards & International Designations

Chemical Composition & Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties

Chemical Composition (wt.%) – ASTM A565 XM32 / UNS S64152

Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties (Hardened & Tempered, per ASTM A565)

Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties

Short-Time Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature

Creep & Rupture Strength Data

100,000-Hour Creep Rupture Strength

Minimum Creep Rate (Secondary Creep) Reference Data

Physical & Thermal Properties

Heat Treatment Specifications

Standard Full Heat Treatment Cycle (Hardening + Tempering)

Critical Austenitizing Temperature Control

Tempering Temperature & Mechanical Property Relationship

Stress Relieving (Post-Machining)

Welding Guidelines for ASTM A565 XM32 / Jethete M152

Recommended Welding Processes

Welding Procedure Parameters

Dissimilar Welds and Overlay Applications

Corrosion Performance of ASTM A565 XM32 / UNS S64152

Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN)

Corrosion Resistance Comparison Across Common Environments

Oxidation Resistance at Elevated Temperature

Fatigue Performance

Room-Temperature Fatigue Endurance Limit

Factors Affecting Fatigue Life in Service

Machining & Fabrication Guide for ASTM A565 XM32 / Jethete M152

Turning Parameters

Milling, Drilling, and Grinding

Main Machining Principles for XM32

Material Comparison: XM32 vs. 17-4PH vs. AISI 422 vs. AISI 410

Custom Forged Shapes & Forms

Customization Capabilities

Dimension & Tolerance

Surface Treatment

Heat Treatment

Melting & Production Process

Premium Melting Routes

Full In-House Production Chain

Industry Applications & Proven Project Cases

Aerospace High-Heat Fastener & Structural Components (European Market)

Land-Based Gas Turbine Components (Asian Power Generation Market)

Oil & Gas Wellhead & Valve Equipment (Middle East Market)

Global Shipping & Logistics

Full-Process Quality Control & Certification

How to Order Custom ASTM A565 XM32 Forgings

Frequently Asked Questions

Get a Custom Quotation